Türkiye
Türkiye has NO temporary protection for Ukrainians (geçici koruma is for Syrians only). The path: 90-day visa-free entry → online ikamet application via e-ikamet.goc.gov.tr → biometrics at the İl Göç İdaresi.
KEY WARNING: geçici koruma (temporary protection) in Türkiye is a regime FOR SYRIANS and does NOT cover Ukrainians. Ukrainians enter visa-free for 90 days in any 180; a regular residence permit (ikamet izni) via e-ikamet.goc.gov.tr is required to stay longer. The state pays no benefits to Ukrainians and provides no free healthcare — plan your own budget and private health insurance (mandatory for ikamet). In 2022 the Migration Administration allowed, by circular, humanitarian permits (insani ikamet izni) for Ukrainians unable to return because of the war — practice varies by province and changes periodically, check with your İl Göç İdaresi. Also note: over a thousand “closed” neighbourhoods (mahalle) do not accept foreigner registration, and tourist-based ikamet renewals are restricted in tourist cities — check the address BEFORE renting.